research
How does the nervous system encode a soft gentle caress versus a harsh painful stimulation? What are the molecules and cells along the neuroanatomical highway from skin to brain, that informs the brain about what the skin is feeling? To address these questions we use systems neuroscience and molecular biology to link animal behavior with genes and neural circuits. Below are some of the projects we are pursuing, but I encourage you to contact us to learn about all of our latest ongoing studies.
Development of platforms to measure pain in rodents.
Artwork by Darneice Creates
Distinguishing between the sensory and emotional states of pain in animals has been extremely challenging, because traditional measurements of pain provide limited resolution. We use fast imaging, computation, and mathematics to overcome this problem. An innovation in our work is recording sub-second behaviors in freely behaving mice and analyzing the data with artificial intelligence (AI) to measure pain sensation and affect. We couple AI with software development and statistical modeling to develop mouse “pain scales” . This technology allowed us to measure, in an automated and unbiased manner, pain sensation versus affect in the nonverbal mouse. Now that we have the ability to objectively measure pain in mice, a new direction for our lab is to determine how the brain and genome control the biological basis of individual sensitivity to pain.
Ishmail delivers a webinar for Pain Research Forum on development of the lab’s pain assessment tools (3-24-20).
The role of sensory neurons in rewarding and therapeutic social touch.
Social touch is critical to relational bonds. A hug from a relative or friend evokes strong feelings of reward. Despite this general appreciation, the question remains, “how is social touch rewarding?” Although the intact nervous system faithfully transmits information about rewarding touch from skin-to-brain at rapid speed, the molecular logic of how this process works remains unknown. Here, we are using mouse genetics to test for necessity and sufficiency of molecular classes of peripheral sensory neurons in promoting normal development, resilience, and the rewarding nature of social interactions. Ongoing studies are connecting the skin and brain in vivo, by manipulating peripheral circuits while recording neuronal activity across the brain to uncover molecular details of skin-to-brain circuitry for rewarding social touch.
Neurobiology of sensation and social interaction in the African naked mole rat
The naked mole rat hails from East Africa and has adapted to life underground in a eusocial structure with one breeding queen, a handful of breeding males, and a multitude of subservient caste members. A single colony can contain a few dozen or a few hundred animals with members living upwards of 30 years. We are investigating the neurobiological basis of some of the fascinating biology of naked mole rats – from somatosensory specialization and insensitivity – to caste system specific behaviors and hierarchical social structure.
Funding – we are grateful to the following organizations for investing in our work:
